Your final draft discussion for PART II should highlight the main points as below;
1. First of all, note that the policy did not work. Explain why the strategy came to be, give some examples of unsuccessful this policy has been and explain why it did not work.
2. For this part, note that foreign aid works as an increase in savings, plot the Solow model, explain the adjustments (show your equilibrium points), how it happens and conclude.
3. In addition, link knowledge with the production function and its implications for foreign aid. For example, you may discuss what if foreign aid is targeted at increasing knowledge or any other thing. You can also talk about constant returns to scale.
Note that your discussion must draw connections between economic concepts and real-world applications. Moreover, use paragraphs when discussing or analyzing major points and not numbers.
Overall, great
PART I
Knowledge refers to information created and used within an organization, while physical capital refers to the company’s tangible resources to produce goods or services. Knowledge includes know-how, expertise, and intellectual property, while examples of physical capital include factories, machinery, and raw materials. One example of how knowledge is different from physical money is that knowledge is non-rivalrous, meaning that one person can use it without taking it away from someone else. In contrast, physical capital is rivalrous, meaning that one person’s use of it prevents others from using it. Some of the unique characteristics of knowledge that make it useful for growth include its non-rivalrous and non-excludable nature and its cumulative potential.
These characteristics allow knowledge to be shared widely and used to build on itself, leading to increasing returns (Hill, 2002). For example, learning about new technology can be shared with others relatively quickly and can be used to develop even more recent technologies. Some examples of how knowledge can generate growth include developing new technologies, improving management practices, and increasing worker productivity. Change, while weak institutions and low human capital drag on growth. There are several ways in which knowledge can help a country grow.
One way is by increasing worker productivity. For example, if workers have access to information about new technologies, they can use those technologies to increase their productivity. Another way is by improving management practices. For example, if managers have access to information about best practices in other companies, they can use that information to enhance the efficiency of their own companies. Finally, knowledge can be used to develop new technologies. For example, scientists can use that information to develop new technologies if they can access information about discoveries in other fields.
The chapter describes “traps” as situations in which a country’s growth is constrained by its history, culture, or institutions. These traps can be challenging to escape because they often lead to a vicious cycle of poverty and underdevelopment. Some government policies that could alleviate the effects of “traps” include investing in education and human capital, reforming institutions and laws, and investing in infrastructure. Education and human capital investment can help break the poverty and underdevelopment cycle by increasing a country’s productive capacity.
This, in turn, can lead to higher incomes and more opportunities for people to escape poverty. Reforming institutions and laws can also help break the poverty and underdevelopment cycle. For example, reforming land tenure laws can help increase agricultural productivity, leading to higher incomes and improved living standards. Investing in infrastructure can also help to alleviate the effects of “traps.” For example, investing in roads and transportation can help to connect people to markets and opportunities and can also help to reduce the costs of doing business.
PART II
The claim that savings are not enough for the investment needs of developing countries is not supported by the evidence in chapter 2 (Easterly, 2002). The evidence suggests that savings are a significant source of investment in developing countries. Several policies could be used to increase the investment rate in developing countries. One approach would be to provide aid to developing countries. Another guideline would be to reduce trade barriers. It is not clear whether or not such policies have worked. One reason is that it is difficult to measure the effect of such policies. Another reason is that there may be other factors that have a more significant impact on investment.
The Solow model would predict that foreign aid would not significantly impact economic growth and development because it ignores that investment is needed for growth, not just savings. This is because the model assumes that savings are the only source of investment.
However, as we have seen, the evidence suggests that savings are not the only source of investment in developing countries. The primary constraint on investment in developing countries is not a lack of savings but productive investment opportunities.
In other words, the Solow model would predict that foreign aid would not significantly impact economic growth and development because it ignores that investment is needed for growth, not just savings. This is because several other factors also affect economic growth, such as the level of technology. If knowledge is a part of the production factors, foreign aid’s impact on economic growth may be significant. This is because knowledge is a critical factor in economic development.
By providing aid to developing countries, foreign aid agencies and rich countries can help to increase the level of knowledge in these countries. This can lead to increased investment and economic growth. If foreign aid is used to finance investment in productive projects, this will increase the amount of capital available for production. This will lead to an increase in output and, ultimately, to economic growth. Of course, it is essential to note that this is just a model, and the actual foreign aid’s impact on economic growth and development will depend on several factors, including the specific projects funded by support.
References
Easterly, W. R. (2002).  The elusive quest for growth: economists’ adventures and misadventures in the tropics. MIT Press.
Hill, H. (2002). The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists’ Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics.
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