7/7/2020 Policy statement about American objectives in Southeast Asia, June 25, 1952, in The Pentagon Papers (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), vol…
https://media.pearsoncmg.com/pls/az/gcu/1323178368/Policy_Southeast_Asia_1952_Pent.html 1/3
Policy statement about American objectives in Southeast Asia, June
25, 1952, in The Pentagon Papers (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), vol.
2, pp. 286–288.
Under President Harry Truman, the United States adopted a foreign policy doctrine called “containment.” Originated by
George Kennan, Dean Acheson, and other diplomats and policy advisors, containment aimed not to fight an all-out war
with the Soviet Union but rather to confine communism and the Soviet Union to their existing boundaries. This doctrine
led directly to the Vietnam War, in which the United States fought to prevent communist forces from attaining power in
Southeast Asia.
25 June 1952
Statement of Policy by the National Security Council on United States Objectives and Courses of Action with Respect to
Southeast Asia1
Objective
1. To prevent the countries of Southeast Asia from passing into the communist orbit, and to assist them to develop the
will and ability to resist communism from within and without and to contribute to the strengthening of the free world.
General Considerations
2. Communist domination, by whatever means, of all Southeast Asia would seriously endanger in the short term, and
critically endanger in the longer term, United States security interests.
a. The loss of any of the countries of Southeast Asia to communist control as a consequence of overt or covert
Chinese Communist aggression would have critical psychological, political and economic consequences. In the
absence of effective and timely counteraction, the loss of any single country would probably lead to relatively
swift submission to or an alignment with communism by the remaining countries of this group. Furthermore, an
alignment with communism of the rest of Southeast Asia and India, and in the longer term, of the Middle East
(with the probable exceptions of at least Pakistan and Turkey) would in all probability progressively follow. Such
widespread alignment would endanger the stability and security of Europe.
b. Communist control of all of Southeast Asia would render the U.S. position in the Pacific offshore island chain
precarious and would seriously jeopardize fundamental U.S. security interests in the Far East.
c. Southeast Asia, especially Malaya and Indonesia, is the principal world source of natural rubber and tin, and a
producer of petroleum and other strategically important commodities. The rice exports of Burma and Thailand are
critically important to Malaya, Ceylon and Hong Kong and are of considerable significance to Japan and India, all
important areas of free Asia.
d. The loss of Southeast Asia, especially of Malaya and Indonesia, could result in such economic and political
pressures in Japan as to make it extremely difficult to prevent Japan’s eventual accommodation to communism.
3. It is therefore imperative that an overt attack on Southeast Asia by the Chinese Communists be vigorously opposed.
In order to pursue the military courses of action envisaged in this paper to a favorable conclusion within a reasonable
period, it will be necessary to divert military strength from other areas thus reducing our military capability in those
areas, with the recognized increased risks involved therein, or to increase our military forces in being, or both.
4. The danger of an overt military attack against Southeast Asia is inherent in the existence of a hostile and aggressive
Communist China, but such an attack is less probable than continued communist efforts to achieve domination through
subversion. The primary threat to Southeast Asia accordingly arises from the possibility that the situation in Indochina
may deteriorate as a result of the weakening of the resolve of, or as a result of the inability of the governments of
7/7/2020 Policy statement about American objectives in Southeast Asia, June 25, 1952, in The Pentagon Papers (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), vol…
https://media.pearsoncmg.com/pls/az/gcu/1323178368/Policy_Southeast_Asia_1952_Pent.html 2/3
France and of the Associated States to continue to oppose the Viet Minh rebellion, the military strength of which is
being steadily increased by virtue of aid furnished by the Chinese Communist regime and its allies.
5. The successful defense of Tonkin is critical to the retention in non-Communist hands of mainland Southeast Asia.
However, should Burma come under communist domination, a communist military advance through Thailand might
make Indochina, including Tonkin, militarily indefensible. The execution of the following U.S. courses of action with
respect to individual countries of the area may vary depending upon the route of communist advance into Southeast
Asia.
6. Actions designed to achieve our objections in Southeast Asia require sensitive selection and application, on the one
hand to assure the optimum efficiency through coordination of measures for the general area, and on the other, to
accommodate to the greatest practicable extent to the individual sensibilities of the several governments, social
classes and minorities of the area….
Courses of Action
8. With respect to Indochina the United States should:
a. Continue to promote international support for the three Associated States.
b. Continue to assure the French that the U.S. regards the French effort in Indochina as one of great strategic
importance in the general international interest rather than in the purely French interest, and as essential to the
security of the free world, not only in the Far East but in the Middle East and Europe as well.
c. Continue to assure the French that we are cognizant of the sacrifices entailed for France in carrying out her
effort in Indochina and that, without overlooking the principle that France has the primary responsibility in
Indochina, we will recommend to the Congress appropriate military, economic and financial aid to France and the
Associated States.
d. Continue to cultivate friendly and increasingly cooperative relations with the Governments of France and the
Associated States at all levels with a view to maintaining and, if possible, increasing the degree of influence the
U.S. can bring to bear on the policies and actions of the French and Indochinese authorities to the end of
directing the course of events toward the objectives we seek. Our influence with the French and Associated States
should be designed to further those constructive political, economic and social measures which will tend to
increase the stability of the Associated States and thus make it possible for the French to reduce the degree of
their participation in the military, economic and political affairs of the Associated States.
e. Specifically we should use our influence with France and the Associated States to promote positive political,
military, economic and social policies, among which the following are considered essential elements:
(1) Continued recognition and carrying out by France of its primary responsibility for the defense of
Indochina.
(2) Further steps by France and the Associated States toward the evolutionary development of the
Associated States.
(3) Such reorganization of French administration and representation in Indochina as will be conducive to an
increased feeling of responsibility on the part of the Associated States.
(4) Intensive efforts to develop the armies of the Associated States, including independent logistical and
administrative services.
(5) The development of more effective and stable Governments in the Associated States.
(6) Land reform, agrarian and industrial credit, sound rice marketing systems, labor development, foreign
trade and capital formation.
(7) An aggressive military, political, and psychological program to defeat or seriously reduce the Viet Minh
forces.
(8) US-French cooperation in publicizing progressive developments in the foregoing policies in Indochina.
7/7/2020 Policy statement about American objectives in Southeast Asia, June 25, 1952, in The Pentagon Papers (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), vol…
https://media.pearsoncmg.com/pls/az/gcu/1323178368/Policy_Southeast_Asia_1952_Pent.html 3/3
1
Southeast Asia is used herein to mean the area embracing Burma, Thailand, Indochina, Malaya and
Indonesia.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Get Professional Assignment Help Cheaply
Are you busy and do not have time to handle your assignment? Are you scared that your paper will not make the grade? Do you have responsibilities that may hinder you from turning in your assignment on time? Are you tired and can barely handle your assignment? Are your grades inconsistent?
Whichever your reason is, it is valid! You can get professional academic help from our service at affordable rates. We have a team of professional academic writers who can handle all your assignments.
Why Choose Our Academic Writing Service?
- Plagiarism free papers
- Timely delivery
- Any deadline
- Skilled, Experienced Native English Writers
- Subject-relevant academic writer
- Adherence to paper instructions
- Ability to tackle bulk assignments
- Reasonable prices
- 24/7 Customer Support
- Get superb grades consistently
Online Academic Help With Different Subjects
Literature
Students barely have time to read. We got you! Have your literature essay or book review written without having the hassle of reading the book. You can get your literature paper custom-written for you by our literature specialists.
Finance
Do you struggle with finance? No need to torture yourself if finance is not your cup of tea. You can order your finance paper from our academic writing service and get 100% original work from competent finance experts.
Computer science
Computer science is a tough subject. Fortunately, our computer science experts are up to the match. No need to stress and have sleepless nights. Our academic writers will tackle all your computer science assignments and deliver them on time. Let us handle all your python, java, ruby, JavaScript, php , C+ assignments!
Psychology
While psychology may be an interesting subject, you may lack sufficient time to handle your assignments. Don’t despair; by using our academic writing service, you can be assured of perfect grades. Moreover, your grades will be consistent.
Engineering
Engineering is quite a demanding subject. Students face a lot of pressure and barely have enough time to do what they love to do. Our academic writing service got you covered! Our engineering specialists follow the paper instructions and ensure timely delivery of the paper.
Nursing
In the nursing course, you may have difficulties with literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, critical essays, and other assignments. Our nursing assignment writers will offer you professional nursing paper help at low prices.
Sociology
Truth be told, sociology papers can be quite exhausting. Our academic writing service relieves you of fatigue, pressure, and stress. You can relax and have peace of mind as our academic writers handle your sociology assignment.
Business
We take pride in having some of the best business writers in the industry. Our business writers have a lot of experience in the field. They are reliable, and you can be assured of a high-grade paper. They are able to handle business papers of any subject, length, deadline, and difficulty!
Statistics
We boast of having some of the most experienced statistics experts in the industry. Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. They have access to all kinds of software to get your assignment done.
Law
Writing a law essay may prove to be an insurmountable obstacle, especially when you need to know the peculiarities of the legislative framework. Take advantage of our top-notch law specialists and get superb grades and 100% satisfaction.
What discipline/subjects do you deal in?
We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.
Are your writers competent enough to handle my paper?
Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.
What if I don’t like the paper?
There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.
Reasons being:
- When assigning your order, we match the paper’s discipline with the writer’s field/specialization. Since all our writers are graduates, we match the paper’s subject with the field the writer studied. For instance, if it’s a nursing paper, only a nursing graduate and writer will handle it. Furthermore, all our writers have academic writing experience and top-notch research skills.
- We have a quality assurance that reviews the paper before it gets to you. As such, we ensure that you get a paper that meets the required standard and will most definitely make the grade.
In the event that you don’t like your paper:
- The writer will revise the paper up to your pleasing. You have unlimited revisions. You simply need to highlight what specifically you don’t like about the paper, and the writer will make the amendments. The paper will be revised until you are satisfied. Revisions are free of charge
- We will have a different writer write the paper from scratch.
- Last resort, if the above does not work, we will refund your money.
Will the professor find out I didn’t write the paper myself?
Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.
What if the paper is plagiarized?
We check all papers for plagiarism before we submit them. We use powerful plagiarism checking software such as SafeAssign, LopesWrite, and Turnitin. We also upload the plagiarism report so that you can review it. We understand that plagiarism is academic suicide. We would not take the risk of submitting plagiarized work and jeopardize your academic journey. Furthermore, we do not sell or use prewritten papers, and each paper is written from scratch.
When will I get my paper?
You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.
Will anyone find out that I used your services?
We have a privacy and confidentiality policy that guides our work. We NEVER share any customer information with third parties. Noone will ever know that you used our assignment help services. It’s only between you and us. We are bound by our policies to protect the customer’s identity and information. All your information, such as your names, phone number, email, order information, and so on, are protected. We have robust security systems that ensure that your data is protected. Hacking our systems is close to impossible, and it has never happened.
How our Assignment Help Service Works
1. Place an order
You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.
2. Pay for the order
Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.
3. Track the progress
You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.
4. Download the paper
The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.
PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET A PERFECT SCORE!!!
